1. Introduction to Computers

1.1 What is a Computer?

A computer is defined as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it based on a set of instructions (known as a program), and produces output. It operates using binary code (a series of 0s and 1s) and consists of both hardware (the physical components) and software (the instructions or programs).

A computer’s primary functions are:

1. Input: Receiving data and instructions.
2. Processing: Performing operations on the data using the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
3. Storage: Saving data and instructions for current or future use.
4. Output: Displaying or transferring processed information.

Computers are essential tools in modern society, performing calculations, managing information, and automating tasks across various fields.