1.4 Basic Computer Functions (IPOS)

The fundamental operations that computers perform are:

1. Input

Input refers to the process of entering data and instructions into a computer. This can be accomplished through various input devices that allow users to provide information for processing. Common input devices include: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, and Touchscreen

2. Processing

Processing is the core function of a computer, where it manipulates and transforms the input data based on the instructions provided. The processing unit, primarily the Central Processing Unit (CPU), performs arithmetic and logical operations, executing programs and applications to generate meaningful results. This phase can involve: Arithmetic Operations, Logical Operations and Data Manipulation.

3. Output

Output refers to the process of displaying or producing the results of processed data so that users can understand or use the information. This function is carried out by output devices that present the data in a user-friendly format. Example: Monitor, Printer, Speakers, and Projector.

4. Storage

Storage is the function that involves saving data and instructions for future use. Computers require both short-term and long-term storage solutions to retain information. Example: RAM, disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and USB flash drives.